Notes from meetings:

• Starting point: IBM pilot specializations and DB2 course content
• Discussion of Cisco/Clark model and reusable learning objects
  Identifies five core content types - Concept, Fact, Procedure, Process, Principle - and combines them with Overview, Summary, Practice, Assessment as the basis for an RLO - reusable learning object.
• Clark futher breaks out learning objects as made up of instructional objects and information objects.
• Combining the pilot specialization and the Clark/Cisco model gets us to this picture.

Reference Links:

1) John Hunt and Bob Bernard articles on a DITA specialization design and content pilot.
My starting point on this topic, published last summer, on IBM developerWorks.

        http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-dita9a/
        http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-dita9b/

2) CISCO Systems Reusable Object Strategy
One of the seminal white papers on reusable learning objects from CISCO. Identifies five core content types - Concept, Fact, Procedure, Process, Principle - and combines them with Overview, Summary, Practice, Assessment as the basis for an RLO - reusable learning object.

        http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/ibs/solutions/learning/whitepapers/el_cisco_rio.pdf

3) Reusable Learning Objects- What does the future hold? by Peder Jacobsen (LTI Newsline, 2001)
Provides a readable overview of RLOs and XML-based technologies.

        http://www.ltimagazine.com/ltimagazine/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=5043

4) Thinking XML: Learning Objects Metadata by Uche Obguji (developerWorks, 2003)
A very useful summary of the SCORM-standard Learning Object Metadata (LOM), how to represent it with XML, and connection to RDF.

        http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-think21.html

5) Course Generation Based on HTN Planning by Carsten Ullrich
A technically dense, but very interesting approach to applying hierarchical task analysis to planning and describing learning objects, and how to apply to different learning needs and goals.

        http://www.activemath.org/publications/Ullrich-CourseGenerationHTN-ABIS-2005.pdf

Suggests a general approach for describing the structure of learning "tasks" as a "structured sequence of learning objects that help the learner to understand the content goal." An HTN for teaching a concept includes content to introduce, develop, practice, connect, and reflect.

6) Cisco learning objects model.

"CISCO Systems Reusable Object Strategy" white paper, available here -
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/ibs/solutions/learning/whitepapers/el_cisco_rio.pdf

Another good general overview is "Reusable Learning Objects- What does the future hold?" by Peder Jacobsen (LTI Newsline, 2001), here - http://www.ltimagazine.com/ltimagazine/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=5043

7) SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model)

8) IEEE LOM         An intro here - http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-think21.html
And the full details here - http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/files/IEEE_1484_12_03_d8_submitted.pdf
9) "Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction: An Introduction" by Kevin Kruse Available here - http://www.e-learningguru.com/articles/art3_3.htm.
See also:

• OASIS DITA Learning Content Subcommittee 

   

  Guidelines for contributing content